#70 Healing

A couple weeks ago I was working in the garage and I scraped my arm on the corner of a sheet of wood. As would be expected, I started to bleed because I had scraped off the surface layer of skin about 3/8 inch across. For the next couple of weeks, I have been watching my arm heal, which is one of the most amazing abilities inherent in all living organisms. Living beings can repair themselves from damage. 

Healing is such an amazing process, even more astounding when you research all the stages that your body goes through in the process. There are literally hundreds, if not thousands, of processes involved for a healing to take place. The ability to heal could not have developed in a Darwinian process that is slow and gradual. Half stopping the bleeding is not enough.

Let me share just a summary of a few of those processes with you, but first, here is a quote that I found that shows scientists really can't explain the whole process very well at all.

"Despite the advances in understanding the science of wound healing, many more steps have yet to be discovered and elucidated. 

"Although seemingly basic in concept, advances in molecular science have allowed modern medicine to gain a true appreciation of the complex interplay between the cells involved in the phases of wound healing."[1]

Note that it is still too complicated for them to understand. How can they believe it happened by chance? They just assume no God and make up theories from there.

To continue, scientists vary as to whether there are 3 or 4 phases to the healing process, but regardless of how many, they agree that there are distinct things that happen.

"When your skin gets cut, your body springs into action to heal the wound. First, the body works to limit blood loss by reducing the amount of blood flowing to the wounded area. Proteins in blood, such as fibrin, work with the blood platelets already in place and plasma to form a protective covering called a scab. While your skin regenerates underneath the protective layer, the scab protects the wound from outside infection."[2] 

Notice that your blood vessels leading to the wound constrict at first to limit the blood loss. Wounded cells release thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin 2-alpha which cause the vessel constriction. Once blood loss stops, then the blood vessels expand to allow more white blood cells to accumulate and get rid of infection, bacteria and debris. They do the opposite of what they did before. How is that possible?

"Platelets (triggered by enzymes leaked from the torn blood vessel) rush to the scene. These sticky blood cells clump to each other and then adhere to the sides of the torn blood vessel, making a plug. Clotting proteins in the blood join forces to form a fibrin net that holds the platelet plug in place over the tear, and in just a few seconds or minutes (depending on how bad the scrape is), BLEEDING STOPS, thanks to coagulation! The fibrin plug becomes a scab that will eventually fall off or be reabsorbed into the body once healing is complete."[3]

The scab makes a dry, temporary crust which protects the damaged area during healing. 

The blood contains lots of platelets for just this purpose. Platelets only exist in animals. They are produced in a totally different location in your body, namely the bone marrow. A healthy adult produces about 1,000,000,000,000 platelets a day and they only circulate for about 8 to 9 days before being removed by the spleen and liver. Platelets are so tiny they are only 1/5th the size of red blood cells. Note carefully this quote: "Complicating any verbal description is the fact that at least 193 proteins and 301 interactions are involved in platelet dynamics." i.e. the making of platelets.[4]

If this process evolved in a slow and gradual way, the body would bleed to death and die before it could reproduce. Think of all the times you get injured and bleed during your lifetime.

Of course evolutionists would probably say that the healing ability was developed long before humans came along. But the problem for simpler organisms is even more complicated. They are much more likely to die from a simple wound than we are. The odds are less they could ever reproduce. The healing process is extremely complicated. Therefore, it could never evolve in one generation according to the Theory of Evolution. And what about platelets only existing in animals? They must have been created by God or the first animals would have bled to death before they could "evolve".

The next phase of healing is Inflamation. The blood vessels that previously constricted to stop blood loss now dilate to bring more blood to the area. The area swells up and the extra blood brings the white blood cells which engulf and kill bacteria and remove debris. Fibroblast cells also gather at the site and start producing collagen which gradually fills up the wound under the scab and creates new capillaries.

Skin cells around the edges of the wound thicken up and gradually stretch under the scab into the center of the wound, meeting skin from the other side. This takes about 3 weeks. This tissue forms a scar which gradually becomes stronger as more collagen is added, taking up to 3 years to complete the healing.

Here is a description of the next phase, called Proliferation. "The proliferation phase is characterized by angiogenesis, collagen deposition, granulation tissue formation, epithelialization, and wound contraction. In angiogenesis, vascular endothelial cells form new blood vessels. In fibroplasia and granulation tissue formation, fibroblasts grow and form a new, provisional extracellular matrix (ECM) by excreting collagen and fibronectin. Concurrently, re-epithelialization of the epidermis occurs, in which epithelial cells proliferate and 'crawl' atop the wound bed, providing cover for the new tissue."[5]

That's a lot of different processes going on involving all kinds of different specialized cells and chemicals. Healing doesn't work if any of these processes are not functioning. So how could evolution by slow and gradual changes possibly create such an intricate system?

We're not done yet. Wound contraction takes place by cells called myofibroblasts contracting like muscles and shrinking the wound. Then unneeded cells die off, somehow knowing they are not needed. 

The last phase is Maturation and Remodeling where cells realign themselves like the original skin and unneeded cells die off. "Increased collagen production and breakdown continue for 6 months to 1 year after injury. The initial type III collagen is replaced by type I collagen until a type I:type II ratio of 4:1 is reached, which is equal to normal skin. Also, fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts, causing tissue contraction during this phase of wound healing. Collagen reorganizes along lines of tension and crosslinks, giving added strength." [6]

How do the cells know what the original skin looked like and then be able to replace it? 

The above article and description are extremely simplified. Read up on it a little if you are interested. If not, take my word for it, healing ability is no accident. 

There is a God.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] Wound Healing and Growth Factors, by Allen Gabriel, MD; http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1298196-overview

[2] How Your Skin Works, How Skin Heals, by Rachel Oswald, http://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/information/anatomy/skin4.htm

[3] How do wounds, cuts, scrapes, lacerations heal? Go Ask Alice, http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/how-do-wounds-cuts-scrapes-lacerations-heal

[4] Wikipedia article on Platelets. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet

[5] Wikipedia article on Wound Healing. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound_healing

[6] Wound Healing and Growth Factors, Phases of Wound Healing by Allen Gabriel, MD;  http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1298196-overview#aw2aab6b4

#69 The Archerfish

All over the world there are hundreds and thousands of animals, fish, insects, and plants that refute the Theory of Evolution. I’ve already shown that neither mutations nor natural selection is a process that can lead to new species (Proofs #27 and #35). But let’s spend a few minutes talking about a certain fish called the Archerfish that lives in Asia. After I describe its astounding abilities, involving the solutions to complex problems of physics, you’ll be convinced there was an intelligence behind its design and existence. It didn’t come about by accident.

The Archerfish has the amazing ability to shoot a jet of water out of its mouth and knock bugs and lizards off of low hanging branches so it can eat them.

Recent research was completed and published which reveals that its abilities are way more remarkable than they seem at first, although they are very impressive indeed at the beginning.[1], [2]

As I describe what the Archerfish is able to do, please try to imagine what Darwin would say is the process for the development of this species. Remember Darwinian progress is slow and gradual, taking place over many generations.

Researchers measured the distance the Archerfish could shoot its stream of water and it is a maximum of 6 feet 6 inches. Note that the average Archerfish is only about 6 inches long. They have a unique shape to their mouth and tongue and their gills squeeze the water out at high speed. How far can a human spit do you think? How accurate is the human? And remember that the Archerfish is shooting up.

Here is a link to a slow motion video (21 sec.) of an Archerfish in action. There are links to more videos in the footnotes below.[3]

The unique tongue and mouth shape allow the Archerfish to channel the water and control the stream driven by powerful gills. Since no other fish has anything like this ability, there is no clue about another species it could have come from. There are no fossils either to indicate a slow and gradual development. One quarter or one half of this ability is obviously useless. Natural Selection if it were true would not select for any of the intermediate steps.

Even more amazing is that researchers have discovered that the Archerfish can make adjustments according to the target it is shooting at. For example it can judge the distance to the prey and shoot closer or farther bursts of water. Due to the shape of its mouth, the water in the stream tends to gather at the tip of the stream into a glob so there is a greater mass to knock the bug off the branch. The Archerfish seems to be able to adjust the amount of water depending on the size of the bug.

Obviously some bugs are farther away, so the Archerfish has to be able to adjust the distance it shoots. But this presents a very complicated problem of physics. As the water travels through the air, gravity pulls down on it causing it to curve downward. The Archerfish has to be able to aim in a way that gravity is taken into account and perfectly adjust the angle and force to shoot the water over the distance required.

Here’s another problem the Archerfish overcomes. If you have a fishtank, you know that looking from air through the water surface causes “refraction” of the light, making the contents of the fishtank displaced from where it appears.[4] This also occurs looking out of the water. Somehow the Archerfish can account for the refracting property of the surface of the water and still aim accurately enough to hit its target on the tree branch.

How could the brain of the Archerfish ever evolve slowly over many generations to be able to do this without the whole species going extinct from lack of food? Just think of the odds of one single Archerfish mutating and acquiring this ability. That’s astronomical odds already. Then somehow that Archerfish has to mate and produce descendants that can do the same thing. This ability has to work correctly or it is useless. It cannot develop in slow stages over many generations.

The Archerfish somehow uses its tongue and a channel in the roof of its mouth to make a nozzle that gets the stream of water to gather together at the tip of the stream, making a bigger glob to attack the prey. Researchers calculated that the force of the water is about ten times the bug’s ability to hold on to the branch. The Archerfish is able to adjust the size of the glob to the size of the target.

“Furthermore, the time needed until water assembles at the jet tip is not fixed. Rather, it is adjusted so that maximum focusing occurs just before impact. Surprisingly, the fish achieve this by modulating the dynamics of changes in the cross-section of their mouth opening, a mechanism that seems to not have been applied yet in human-built nozzles." [5]

You are an intelligent being. Just imagine what effort and practice it would take you to learn how to spit like this. Could you get good at it? Now can you imagine a fish brain learning to do it all by accident. I can’t.

There must be God.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1] Sumit Passary, No crosshair, no laser but archerfish always hits bull's eye. Guess why?,

http://www.techtimes.com/articles/15027/20140906/no-crosshair-no-laser-but-archerfish-always-hits-the-bulls-eye-heres-how.htm

[2] Peggy Gerullis and Stefan Schuster, Archerfish Actively Control the Hydrodynamics of Their Jets, http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(14)00922-1

[3] Archer Fish Water Pistol - Weird Nature - BBC, (3min 27sec), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4G_MeUUZlI 

     -----------------------------------------

     World's Deadliest - Fish "Shoots" Prey with Water, NatGeoWild, (1 min 52 sec), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BcLLB5vijfk

     -----------------------------------------

     Archer Fish - Our Wild World - Amazing Fish Shoots Water Bullets at Insects, wildvisuals, (1 min 30 sec), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhMi9Hw_wZ0

     -----------------------------------------

     Archer Fish Water Pistol - Weird Nature - BBC, (3min 27sec), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4G_MeUUZlI

[4] Refraction, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction

[5] Mary Beth O'Leary, Archerfish target shoot with 'skillfully thrown' water, http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-09/cp-ats082814.php

#68 Symmetry

In this Proof for God, let’s take a look at “Symmetry” and think about all the symmetry in the world and whether or not it could have come about by randomness.

The dictionary definition of Symmetry is “the correspondence in size, form, and arrangement of parts on opposite sides of a plane, line, or point; regularity of form or arrangement in terms of like, reciprocal, or corresponding parts.”[1]

Everywhere you look, there is symmetry. The vast majority of things created by humans (intelligent beings) contain symmetry. Our vehicles, our furniture, our art, even our foods usually contain symmetry. Go into any type of retail store you can find and walk up and down the aisles and calculate the percentage of items that exhibit symmetry. It's clearly a very high percentage.

Nature too is full of symmetry. Almost every animal, bird, fish, insect, and even plant that I can think of contains symmetry.

You have two eyes, two ears, two nostrils, symmetrical teeth, two arms, two hands, two legs, two feet, and on and on. Even you have a lot of symmetry inside your body under your skin. All the way down to the microscopic level of the chemicals in your body, there is symmetry.

So here’s the big question, how could all of this totally dominant and overwhelming amount of symmetry come about if the original cause is random mutation. Start with something like an ameba in your mind and then imagine randomly adding appendages like arms or legs. The odds are very, very small that this process would produce any symmetry. That's by the definition of "random".

Now imagine the odds of getting exactly two arms in exactly symmetrical locations on both sides of the body. The odds are huge against getting just the two arms, but now you have to get two fully symmetrical hands at the end of those arms. Then you have to get two legs in symmetrical positions. That multiplies the odds exponentially. But we are just barely beginning. We still have to get two symmetrical eyes, and ears, and on and on. For each new symmetrical pair, multiply the odds exponentially higher.

The odds are impossibly high for getting just one eye. (See my Proof for God #45 The Eye  [2]) But in order to get two eyes randomly in exactly symmetrical positions on your face is astronomically more difficult. Why not imagine an eye randomly growing on the palm of one of your hands? Why couldn’t that happen within the principles of the Theory of Evolution? If Natural Selection were really in operation, that might just be a more ideal location than on your face. Evolution says everything developed gradually over great lengths of time. Then that must mean that one eye grew before the second eye grew, right? Two eyes (two arms, whatever) could not have suddenly appeared simultaneously because that is not slow and gradual.

Why not grow 3 or 4 arms? Wouldn’t that allow us to survive better? Why have arms just on the sides? Why not have an arm in the front and an arm in the back too?

Some animals ended up with exactly 4 legs (no arms and hands). Think about the odds of growing one leg, then a second leg, a third leg, and finally a fourth leg over many generations. Slow and gradual would mean one leg at a time and then we would have to wait at least a generation or two (or a hundred) before we could grow another leg. You can’t suddenly get 4 legs in one generation because that would seem to violate the Theory of Evolution. And also remember that the front legs are symmetrical side to side and so are the back legs, but they are usually not symmetrical front to back.

How about all the insects with 6 legs or spiders with 8 legs? How does the slow and gradual process explain 8 legs and the symmetry that is there? Why stop there? What about centipedes and millipedes. The record for most legs is the millipede which has 750 legs, all of them in symmetrical pairs.

Let’s think about birds. In the slow and gradual process of evolution, one arm or leg had to turn into a wing before the other one did, right? Birds could not have gotten two wings at the same time, in the same generation. Maybe it was many generations that birds had one wing and one leg before that leg started to change into a second wing in exactly the symmetrically opposite position on the other side of the body. If that second wing was misplaced by even a little bit, the bird would not be able to fly. It would just flop around generation after generation until both wings could balance each other out and could be coordinated so the bird could figure out how to fly with these two feathered appendages. That’s so silly.

But evolutionists must believe some version of the above scenarios. And they must believe that these impossibly complicated scenarios repeated themselves over and over again in hundreds of thousands of animals’ bodies, birds’ bodies, fish bodies, and insect bodies.

If random mutation were really the process by which all living species came into existence, then we would be looking all around us at way more craziness. There would not be much order at all. There would be very, very little symmetry.

If fact, what we see all around us is order. Thesaurus.com says that order is the opposite of random. Some antonyms (opposites) for the word, random, are “methodical, planned, systematic, definite, particular, and specific.” [3]

As I explained in my article on Mutation [4], (Proof for God #27) intelligent scientists have tried for 40 years to mutate a fairly simple species like a fruit fly into another species and they have not been able to do it. And they were trying on purpose. Smart people have been trying to do it, but without success. Therefore, it seems impossible to believe that mutation which man has never been able to cause on purpose could happen accidentally and end up producing all the incredibly complex species in the world.

The most simple and logical conclusion is that living species were designed by a super intelligence to be exactly the way that they are AND to NOT be able to be changed.

Scientists are constantly discovering new species never before seen and they estimate there are hundreds of thousands more, but never have they observed one species changing into another one. Surely they have been looking long and hard. Doesn’t it tell you something when the evidence is not there? Zip. Nada.

Another aspect of symmetry that needs to be mentioned is the inherent “Beauty”. Humans have an intellectual and spiritual ability to recognize order, harmony, and beauty in the universe. When we design things ourselves, we purposefully invest the qualities of order and beauty. Almost no one designs something on purpose that others would call ugly. It would never sell.

One of the most essential attributes of beauty is symmetry. So when we observe Nature and recognize the awesome symmetry and beauty that exists, it triggers in our mind and heart and appreciation of the creator of that beauty. That is a natural instinctive process.

If a person is unable to appreciate beauty, we would consider them to be handicapped in that way. We would feel sorry for them. Their life would seem dull, grey, sad, joyless, even “lifeless”, and pitiable. That’s what it must be like for those who sense the beauty around them but cannot appreciate the “heart” of the creator behind the beauty. For them everything came from nothing and randomness. There is no meaning and purpose bigger than themselves. How sad.

Symmetry is absolutely everywhere. Randomness is not everywhere; it’s difficult to find.

There has to be God.

------------------------------------------------------

[1] Dictionary.Com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/symmetry

[2] Stephens, Jim, Proof For God #45 The Eye, http://101proofsforgod.blogspot.com/2013/11/45-eye.html

[3] Thesaurus.Com. Antonyms for “random”, http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/random

[4] Stephens, Jim, Proof For God #27, The Truth about Mutation, http://101proofsforgod.blogspot.com/2013/02/27-truth-about-mutation.html

#67 Blueprints for the Empire State Building

I’m sure you know what blueprints are and have seen them from time to time. Even a simple building takes pages and pages of blueprints for every aspect of the construction.

For this article I want to talk about the Empire State Building in New York City and think about its blueprints. Then I want to compare that building to the human body.

No sane person would ever assert that the Empire State Building happened by accident. It clearly was designed. Just imagine all the blueprints that must have been required in order to construct that building. Floor by floor, it was built from the ground up. There must have been thousands and thousands of pages.

Tremendous planning and organization were involved. They had to have plans for putting in the duct work to circulate the air for people to breathe. They needed a system for air conditioning in summer and heating in winter for every floor. They had to supply water for drinking and plumbing pipes for toilets and sinks on every level. They had to run electrical wires for lighting and power. They needed telephone lines throughout. They needed systems for trash removal, elevators and stairs for people to move up and down. There had to be freight elevators for bringing in desks, furniture, and machinery. It was tremendously complicated.

  

Now ask yourself, which is more complicated, the Empire State Building or the human body.

The human body has similar systems but even more complicated. The body has lungs for breathing, a water distribution system, a plumbing system, a circulation system for nutrients, a nerve system for communication, a heating and cooling system, a waste disposal system, and many others. It has all the component systems of the Empire State Building and then many more.

I’m sure you’ve noticed that the Empire State Building does not move around, but the human body can. The Empire State Building does not eat food and digest it. Its energy source is from the outside.

Another thing, the Empire State Building does not grow. It didn’t start off as a little Empire State Building and grow bigger and bigger each year until it reached its current height of 1,250 feet. The human body grows and changes, so if blueprints were to be made for a human body, there would have to be blueprints for the newborn size, a one year old size, a two year old size, all the way up to adult size.

Here’s another big difference. The Empire State Building cannot reproduce. It can’t have babies. Think about that. How complicated would the blueprints have to be for a reproductive system? Would we have to have male and female buildings?

If the Empire State Building absolutely could not come into existence without having really intelligent designers, even if you wait billions upon billions of years, there is no conceivable way that the human body could have come into existence without an intelligent designer.

There must be God.

#66 Arrowheads and Stone Bowls

I’m sure you must know what arrowheads are, right? But have you ever thought deeply about the implications of arrowheads. If you find a rock somewhere and you get all excited proclaiming it is an arrowhead, what are you really saying?

What you have is materially only a rock, but it has a particular shape which you think means it is something more. You believe that the current shape is “not natural”, i.e. it could not exist accidentally. You believe without a doubt that an intelligent being, certainly a human being not a chimpanzee intellect, made that rock into that shape.

Why do we think like that?

Is it that you have faith that Nature does not create arrowheads? Or do you know it’s a fact, a scientific truth, that Nature does not create arrowheads?

How about another example, ancient stone bowls? Probably you believe that Nature does not make and cannot make those bowls either. It takes a being with intelligence to create even such a simple bowl.

Evolutionists believe that rocks (given enough time) became human beings without the intervention of any intelligence. They believe rocks became a primordial soup and later that came alive, and then it eventually became people.

If rocks can’t even become arrowheads or bowls without intelligence acting on them, then evolution cannot be true. It’s all faith, not fact. Some intelligent being must exist that did it. Even though we cannot see the actual intelligent being who created an arrowhead, we believe that he or she absolutely existed based on the evidence of the existence of the arrowhead.

What is the nature of that evidence? There are basically two aspects, order and purpose. We see an order that is not found in Nature even though nature is orderly. We also recognize a design and a purpose in the arrowhead. The purpose is invisible, but nonetheless it is very real. The purpose clearly does not emerge from the physical object itself but from the designer of the object.

When there is purpose and design, there is a designer.

There must be God.

#65 Mitochondrial Eve and Y-Chromosome Adam

Genetic scientists seem to be in general agreement that we are all descendants of one woman and one man. This research was fairly recent, starting about 1978. They, of course, do not believe in the creation story of Adam and Eve in the Bible, but their conclusions are getting closer and closer.

In case you have not heard about this, it makes very interesting reading. But I think it raises a number of profound challenges to the Theory of Evolution.

The scientists base the above conclusions on the known facts of human reproduction, specifically on properties of the sperm and egg.

Mitochondrial Eve

What are mitochondria? They are membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of all plants, animals, fungi, and many other forms of life. [1]

“These structures are sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks such as signaling, cellular differentiation, cell death, as well as the control of the cell cycle and cell growth.“[2]

Every person inherits his or her mitochondria for every cell in their body exclusively from their mother. The father contributes only a sperm cell to the developing fetus. But a sperm has only a small amount of mitochondria in the tail that gets used up in propulsion or else destroyed after fertilizing the egg.

Researchers sampled the DNA from the mitochondria in 147 people from all the major racial groups of the world. From this DNA they concluded that we all descended from a single woman. They think she must have lived between 99,000 and about 200,000 years ago in Africa.[3] It’s a theory and has its opponents, but it has gained a lot of support. The theory is interesting, but a little complicated. I encourage you to read up on it if you would like to. Scientists believe there were other women alive at the same time, but their line of descendants died out or does not include all living humans today.

This common female ancestor of all anatomically modern humans alive today was nicknamed "Mitochondrial Eve".

Y-Chromosome Adam

What is the Y-Chromosome? Probably you learned about it in school.

“The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in mammals, including humans, and many other animals. The other is the X chromosome. Y is the sex-determining chromosome in many species, since it is the presence or absence of Y that determines male or female sex.” [4]

Females do not have a Y-Chromosome in their cells. Only males inherit Y-Chromosomes and they always come from the father only. Therefore researchers can study the Y-chromosomes of men all over the world and can then theorize that all men are related and in fact descended from one man long ago. This is based on certain changes to the DNA in the Y-Chromosomes. By theorizing about the rate of mutations or types of changes to the DNA itself, they can make predictions about a common male ancestor. It is believed that many generations ago the ancestor of all men came from the same tribe, and finally a single great-great-…..-great-grandfather.

The conclusion is thus that we are all descendants of one male ancestor and he has received the nickname of "Y-Chromosome Adam". [5] He lived by various estimates between 120,000 and 338,000 years ago. And by analyzing the divergence of DNA in earthly populations, it was determined that he also likely lived in Africa.

This is a nice coincidence because most religious groups also believe that all humans are descendants of one man and one woman. Scientists have not concluded that they mated with each other, but they do put them in Africa and within a few 1000 years of each other. Religious people believe that God miraculously created the first man and woman. Secularists and evolutionists believe that there were many other humans around at the same time as Mitochondrial Eve or Y-Chromosome Adam, but their lineages did not result in an unbroken line to all humans alive today.

So let’s now look at some of the contradictions and challenges that the evolutionists have to deal with.

First off, scientists say that roughly 200,000 years ago (plus or minus 100K) a male and a female existed that were anatomically JUST LIKE US. Over the 200,000 years until today, although there have been mutations in their genes, they are still humans just like us.

This means there has been no evolution or species change for 200,000 years. There is no slow and gradual change that Darwin predicted! Think about that for a minute. If there has been no observable change in the last 200,000 years, how can we be so sure that there was any change the previous 200,000 years? Or how about the 200,000 years before that? If there has been no evidence in genetic research of evolution in 200,000 years, why assume evolution is true at all. They are building their case on faith.

Secondly, 200,000 years is a long time without significant change. The human body is extremely complicated and the time frame is just too short for evolution to be true. Current scientific belief is that humans diverged from apes about 5 to 7,000,000 years ago.

“A new study of genes in humans and chimpanzees pins down with greater accuracy when the two species split from one. The evolutionary divergence occurred between 5 million and 7 million years ago, an estimate that improves on the previous range of 3 million to 13 million years in the past. Modern chimps are the closest animal relative to humans.” [6]

There are some very major changes that had to take place in the body structure of apes to turn them into humans. Remember also that both female humans and male humans had to evolve from ape-like creatures. Presumably both the male and the female had to evolve thousands of similar changes at nearly same time for Natural Selection to be working. Imagine if women evolved but men didn't. Then the men would still walk around and be shaped like chimpanzees.

Very little if anything has actually changed in human bodies in the last 200,000 years according to genetic scientists. Where is the slow and gradual change predicted by Darwin? 5 million is only 25 times 200,000. If almost nothing changes in 200,000 years, then how could there be millions of dramatic changes in the previous 4,800,000?

It doesn't make sense. How could there be rapid change from an ape shape to a human shape and then no change? The Theory of Evolution predicts slow and gradual change. Scientists say there is no difference between humans today and 200,000 years. In order to get humans from monkeys in 4,800,000 years there has to be a lot of rapid changes and that violates the Theory of Evolution.

Thirdly, genetic scientists are accepting that we all are descendants of one man and one woman. This makes sense because it’s not likely that mutation could have produced identical advances or genetic advantages in 2 different and distinct lineages. All of us have 3 billion codes in our DNA makeup, so random mutation will never produce the same human beings in two different locations.

But if we are all descendants of one male and one female, how could a supposed evolutionary change take place in one individual and then that new trait be spread throughout the whole population of humans? The only way that can work is if all descendants WITHOUT the new trait die off and only descendants WITH the new trait survive. A new common ancestor would be needed every time a new trait emerged. And it would take not just a new Eve, but it would require a new Adam.

Let’s try to think of how we humans could evolve from today. Then I think you’ll see this is impossible. I would maintain that it would be equally impossible to have happened in all the populations in the past.

Let’s just suppose that someone was born who had mutated hugely in one generation (not the Darwinian slow and gradual) so that this person would clearly be the fittest to survive. (Think of the X-Men movie.) Just to pick an example, let’s say this person has a super-Einstein brain. You can make up your own mutated trait if you like for your own example.

Let’s call him NewMan for reference purposes. (Also NewWoman would also be fine.) Our goal is that all human beings at some point in the future have this new mutated trait, super-Einstein brain. That would mean that NewMan must become the ancestor at some point in the distant future of all the humans alive on the planet. Those without the new trait must become extinct. What would have to happen?  How long would it take?

This mutated characteristic (super-Einstein brain) would have to able to be passed on to NewMan’s children. Not all mutations can be inherited so the odds are challenging. Also NewMan would have to accidentally marry a spouse who is compatible with his mutation being inherited. He might not mate at all of course. Not all spouses would necessarily reproduce the mutated trait with him even if they mated. The odds of all this are not good. But let’s keep going. Suppose all of their children had super-brains. Still they would also have to intermarry with “normal” humans without super-brains. The genes for super-brains would have to be dominant or they would die out quickly.

There are 7 billion people in the world having children. How long would it take, if ever, before all people in the world would have a super-brain? That would mean that all people were descendants of NewMan. We would also have to get to the point that all children being born would have super-brains and the genes for non-super-brains are totally gone. Otherwise, some children might be from parents that still carried the non-super genes and the result could be that their children might have ordinary brains.

One other major problem is that the human race is spread all over the globe. Look at the picture above again of the spread of humans out of Africa. If another change occurred to our species in Africa say, how could it possibly spread all over the glove to all the other human groups? 

This seems so absurdly complicated to me that it is impossible. And this is just for one change. If we came from monkeys, we had to go through thousands of changes if not millions. (Please read my Proof for God #12, Chimpanzees, for more information on the millions of DNA differences between apes and humans. [7])

Fourthly, the idea behind Natural Selection and Survival of the Fittest is that EACH time there is an advance, then it somehow becomes universal among all members of that species in later generations. So for every small advance through evolution, and there have been thousands of them, there would have to be a NewMan and NewWoman to start the species all over again with the new trait. The corollary of course is that all the other members of the species without the new advantage are going to die out and leave no descendants. Once there are millions of members of a species, how could there be continuing evolutionary changes that spread to the entire population and don't leave out a single individual? We know that the DNA of every individual of a species is basically identical. Evolutionists want you to believe that the DNA of some advantageous mutation can be spread exactly as it is to the DNA of every individual in a species at some point in the future.

If mutations were that powerful (which they aren't), there would be total chaos in the DNA of every species. Millions of individuals would mean millions of mutations all vying to change the DNA of the whole species.

Fifthly, as we can see it becomes impossible to explain how such a process (super Einstein brains) could evolve new humans. Evolution has a tremendously bigger problem. Evolution is supposed to apply to every other one of the 800,000 species (insects, birds, fish, plants, animals, and even bacteria). Because evolution works magically only when there is reproduction, therefore new traits have to start with an original male and female. So once any significant change takes place, you would have to start all over again with another original male and female who mate with each other or at least somehow become of common ancestor of the whole species later on. 

There are so many major changes between species that this process of starting over with a new couple would have to be repeated hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of times. (See Missing Links, Proof #64 [8]) All birds, fish, animals, and all living beings would have to follow this process. That doesn’t make sense. There is not enough time in history. There is no such fossil record.

The only theory that is workable is that God created each species, a male and female, as unique originals at a point in time and from there came many variations within the species but not between species.

There must be God.   

------------------------------

[1] Mitochondrion, Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrion

[2] Mitochondrion, Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrion

[3] Clark, Josh, Are we all descended from a common female ancestor? http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/female-ancestor.htm

[4] Y-Chromosome, Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_chromosome

[5] Y-Chromosome Adam, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-chromosome_Adam

[6] LiveScience Staff, When Humans and Chimps Split, Dec. 19, 2005, http://www.livescience.com/3996-humans-chimps-split.html

[7] Jim Stephens, Proof for God #12, Chimpanzees. http://101proofsforgod.blogspot.com/2012/07/12-chimpanzees.html 

[8] Jim Stephens, Proof for God #64, Missing Links, http://101proofsforgod.blogspot.com/2014/07/64-missing-links.html